Accident and Injuries – Whiplash is an injury where the head bounces back and fourth causing a sudden force of the neck in the opposite direction.
The injury damages surrounding tissues creating muscle weakness and results in stiffness and pain. Automobile accidents are the most common cause of whiplash.
Age-related disorders – degenerative disorders such as osteoarthritis or spinal stenosis affect the spine. Spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the spaces in the spine which can strain your spinal cord. It often occurs in the lower back and neck. Osteoarthritis causes progressive weakening of cartilage. Bone spurs form as the body reacts, which will affect joint motion.
Degenerative disc disease is the decrease of the flexibility of the inter-vertebral discs. As you grow older, the discs may herniate or bulge causing the numbness, tingling, and pain in the neck that radiates into the arm.
Obesity, weak abdominal muscles, and poor posture disturb the spinal balance, causing the neck to curve. Tension and stress can cause tightening of muscles, resulting in pain. Body stance can be a factor for chronic neck pain.

Manipulation or mobilization may help some people with neck pain. Treatment should follow an assessment and may be combined with exercise and other care. Improvement varies, and adjustments do not guarantee a pain-free outcome or improved immunity.
Temporary soreness or stiffness can occur. Rare serious complications have been reported, including neurological injury and tears in neck arteries. Discuss benefits, risks and alternatives with your clinician.
Research findings depend on the condition and treatment studied. Read NCCIH’s evidence and safety overview. Medication decisions should be made with the prescribing clinician.